Hacking into an automotive control module far enough to retrieve its current firmware and configuration is really just the beginning of the adventure. At this point, you probably have anywhere from 4KB to 4MB of raw machine-ready code, with a…
CAN is a simple protocol used in manufacturing and in the automobile industry. Modern vehicles are full of little embedded systems and electronic control units (ECUs) that can communicate using the CAN protocol. CAN has been a standard on US…
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How Engine Immobiliser Works:The engine immobilizer is an anti-theft system built in the engine ECU. It prevents the engine from starting without using vehicle’s authorized key. This system uses a special digitally coded key or a Smart Key fob. This…
Direct-Current Motor Principles DC motors use the interaction of magnetic fields to convert the electrical energy into mechanical energy. Magnetic lines of force flow from the north pole to the south pole of a magnet If a current-carrying conductor is…
Who says that power upgrades must be expensive, involved, illegal, and fragile? There’s an old saying in the go-fast world: “Cheap, fast, andreliable . . . pick any two.” Inexpensive, reliable monster power upgrades arefew and far between, but many…
The can-isotp.ko module is a CAN protocol implementation inside theLinux network layer that requires the system to load the can.ko core module. The can.ko module provides the network layer infrastructure for allin-kernel CAN protocol implementations, like can_raw.ko, can_bcm.ko, andcan-gw.ko. If…
Today, the most common use for reverse engineering is in targeting malware. Like any other software, malware has its installation process. The difference is that it does not ask for the user’s permission to install. Malware does not even install…