Stage 4 : Taking Your Car to the Extreme
Introduction: For car enthusiasts who want to push their car’s performance to the limit, stage 4 tuning is the ultimate upgrade. Stage 4 tuning involves making extensive modifications to your...
Introduction: For car enthusiasts who want to push their car’s performance to the limit, stage 4 tuning is the ultimate upgrade. Stage 4 tuning involves making extensive modifications to your...
Introduction: If you’re a performance enthusiast who wants to push your car’s limits, then stage 3 tuning is the ultimate upgrade you should consider. Stage 3 tuning involves making significant...
Introduction If you’re a performance enthusiast looking to take your car to the next level, then stage 1 tuning is a modification you should consider. Stage 1 tuning is a...
Introduction Do you want to take your car’s performance to the next level? If you’re looking to extract every last drop of power and torque from your engine, then stage...
Until 1970, high-performance cars often had compression ratios of up to 11 or 12 to one, easily handled with vintage high octane gasolines readily available in the 98–99 ((R+M)/2) range.By...
The VE map describes the pumping efficiency of the engine during steady state conditions. This is used to estimate the airmass charge and, consequently, the fuel charge very effectively as...
Backdoor Attack in Car ECU Hacking Sometimes front door attacks are too tricky; you may not have the right tools or the lock might be too hard to figure out....
It’s time to take a harder look at the demands of real engines and how the logic of engine management systems work to satisfy them. Let’s see how a sample...
Cam Phasing and Valve-lift control Although a few tuners have modified the basic operating equipment of variable valve systems, this type of activity involves expertise on the level of sophisticated...
Electronic Injector Architecture The electronic fuel injectors installed in a port-injection architecture—a.k.a., indirect injection—consist of a housing, a fuel supply inlet, and two-wire electrical connector, and a valve assembly that...