The VE map describes the pumping efficiency of the engine during steady state conditions. This is used to estimate the airmass charge and, consequently, the fuel charge very effectively as long as conditions remain steady. Transient, or changing, conditions such…
Backdoor Attack in Car ECU Hacking Sometimes front door attacks are too tricky; you may not have the right tools or the lock might be too hard to figure out. Don’t despair—remember that automotive control modules are embedded systems, so…
The instrument cluster simulator (ICSim) is one of the most useful tools to come out of Open Garages, a group that fosters open collaboration between mechanics, performance tuners, and security researchers. ICSim is a software utility designed to produce a…
It’s time to take a harder look at the demands of real engines and how the logic of engine management systems work to satisfy them. Let’s see how a sample engine management computer operates. A digital microprocessor is essentially an…
Cam Phasing and Valve-lift control Although a few tuners have modified the basic operating equipment of variable valve systems, this type of activity involves expertise on the level of sophisticated engine design and construction. For the vast majority of tuners,…
*Earn the Official Certificate after Completing the Course Even though Kotlin is a full-fledged functional programming language, it preserves most of the object-oriented nature of Java as an alternative programming style, which is very handy when converting existing Java code.…
Forensic Image File Format. A forensic image can have different file formats; some are free and others are proprietary formats developed by the company behind the forensic software used to create the forensic image. The following are the main one…
Using and Configuring the Android Studio AVD Emulator The Android Virtual Device (AVD) emulator environment bundled with Android Studio 1.x was an uncharacteristically weak point in an otherwise reputable application development environment. Regarded by many developers as slow, inflexible and…
Electronic Injector Architecture The electronic fuel injectors installed in a port-injection architecture—a.k.a., indirect injection—consist of a housing, a fuel supply inlet, and two-wire electrical connector, and a valve assembly that consists of valve itself and a solenoid armature. The housing…
Actuators are electromechanical devices that enable an EMS to make things happen in the world. In the realm of EFI, these include such devices as fuel injectors, boost controllers, and idle air control valves. Most but not all actuators are…